Kamieniołom Libana, Kraków

Kamieniołom Libana is the former quarry beside a German penal labour camp in Podgórze, on the southern hill of Krzemionki Podgórskie. The site belonged to the Krakowskie Wapienniki i Kamieniołomy company, and its name comes from Bernard Liban, a co-founder who lived from 1848 to 1916. The camp operated from 15 April 1942 to 22 July 1944.

Prisoners extracted stone and produced lime for roads serving the wartime needs of the Third Reich. About 400 people were held there on average, with more than 2,000 passing through during its existence; Polish and Ukrainian prisoners endured extremely harsh conditions. In 1993, Steven Spielberg’s Schindler’s List used the former camp for filming. Fragments of the movie set remain among the quarry landscape, making this rugged ground both a historical site and an unusual surviving film location.